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Robert Schumann(1810 - 1856)Sonata No.2 in G Minor, Op. 22Nachtst??cke, Op. 23Arabeske, Op. 18 >Four Piano Pieces / VierKlavierst??cke, Op. 32Toccata in C Major, Op. 7Original Finale / Urspr??nglichesFinale: Presto passionato Robert Schumann must seem in many ways typical of the age inwhich he lived, combining a number of the principal characteristics of Romanticism in hismusic and in his life. Born in Zwickau in 1810, the son of a bookseller, publisher andwriter, he showed an early interest in literature, and was to make a name for himself inlater years as a writer and editor of the Neue Zeitschrift f??r Musik, a journal launchedin 1834.After a period at university, to satisfy the ambitions of hisnow widowed mother, while still showing the wide interests of a dilettante, Schumannturned more fully to music under the tuition of Friedrich Wieck, a famous teacher whoseenergies had been largely directed towards the training of his daughter Clara, a pianistof prodigious early talent. The romance that led in 1840 to, their marriage, in spite of the bitteropposition of Wieck, was followed by a period in which Clara's career as a pianist had, insome way, to be reconciled with her husband's ambitions and the demands of a growingfamily. A weakness in the fingers had caused Schumann to give up the idea of becoming avirtuoso pianist, but he drew attention as a writer on musical matters and, increasingly,as a composer. His final position in D??sseldorf as director of music was not successful,however, and culminated in an attempt at suicide, insanity and death in 1856. Much of Schumann's piano music was written in the 1830s. Theyear of his marriage was a year of song, followed by attempts at works on a much largerscale, with the encouragement of his wife. Early attempts at writing piano sonatas werelargely unfinished, until the Sonata in F sharp minor, published in 1836 with a dedicationto Clara Wieck. In the same year Schumann published a Concertsans orchestre in F minor, re-issued with an additional movement in 1853 as histhird piano sonata. The Sonata No.2 in G minor, Opus 22,was apparently written over a number of years. The second movement Andantino was composedin June 1830, the first and third movements in June 1833 and the original demanding Finalein October 1835. The alternative Finale, written after the objections of Clara Wieck thatthe original Presto passionato was far too difficult, was composed in Vienna in December1838. The sonata was published the following year. The first movement, So rasch wie moglich, as fast as possible, has afirst subject melody based on the descending scale, with a broken chord left-handaccompaniment. The movement is in the established tripartite sonata-allegro form, with acentral development and final recapitulation, ending in a rapid coda. The gentle Andantinooffers a lyrical melody over a repeated chordal accompaniment. The Scherzo has all theenergy of Florestan, the pseudonym used by Schumann to indicate the passionate