Description
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) Sonatas K.10–15 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756, the son of a court musician who, in the year of his youngest child's birth, published an influential book on violin-playing. Leopold Mozart rose to occupy the position of Vice-Kapellmeister to the Archbishop of Salzburg, but sacrificed his own creative career to that of his son, in whom he detected early signs of precocious genius. With the indulgence of his patron, he was able to undertake extended concert tours of Europe in which his son and elder daughter Nannerl were able to astonish audiences. The boy played both the keyboard and the violin and could improvise and soon write down his own compositions. Childhood that had brought Mozart signal success was followed by a less satisfactory period of adolescence largely in Salzburg under the patronage of a new and less sympathetic Archbishop. Like his father, Mozart found opportunities far too limited at home, while chances of travel were now restricted. In 1777, when leave of absence was not granted, he gave up employment in Salzburg to seek a future elsewhere, but neither Mannheim nor Paris, both musical centres of some importance, had anything for him. His Mannheim connections, however, brought a commission for an opera in Munich in 1781, but after its successful staging he was summoned by his patron to Vienna. There Mozart's dissatisfaction with his position resulted in a quarrel with the Archbishop and dismissal from his service. The last ten years of Mozart's life were spent in Vienna in precarious independence of both patron and immediate paternal advice, a situation aggravated by an imprudent marriage. Initial success in the opera-house and as a performer was followed, as the decade went on, by increasing financial difficulties. By the time of his death in December 1791, however, his fortunes seemed about to change for the better, with the success of the German opera The Magic Flute, and the possibility of increased patronage. In April 1764 Leopold Mozart, his wife, and his two children, reached England after a channel crossing that had made them sea-sick and that had proved expensive for the family, and their two servants. A detailed account of this, the young Mozart's third journey, is found in Leopold Mozart's letters home to his Salzburg landlord, Lorenz Hagenauer. From these we hear of their reception at court, soon after their arrival in London, and shortly afterwards a second visit to the court, where Wolfgang astonished the King by his sight-reading and accompanied the Queen in an aria, and also accompanied a flautist. In his letter of 28 May to Hagenauer Leopold Mozart tells him that while he is writing his son is playing through sonatas by their friend Johann Christian Bach, the London Bach, youngest son of Johann Sebastian, whose sonatas for keyboard with the accompaniment of a violin or flute and a cello had been publi